Article I - Scope
This Implementing Arrangement describes the scientific and
technical activities to be undertaken by the American Institute
in Taiwan (AIT), through its designated representative, the
Global System Division (GSD), (formally the Forecast Systems
Laboratory) of the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) of
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
United States Department of Commerce. It provides for continuing
development of the forecast system being developed by the Joint
Forecast Systems Project. This project is a cooperative effort
between the Central Weather Bureau (CWB), the designated
representative of the Taipei Economic and Cultural
Representative Office in the United States (TECRO), and AIT ’ s
designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD. This Implementing
Arrangement is of mutual interest to both TECRO and AIT,
hereafter referred to as the parties. The products of this
Implementing Arrangement will provide substantial value through
development of new and upgraded capabilities and applications
that can be integrated into other NOAA/ESRL/GSD systems.

Article II - Authorities
The activities described in this Implementing Arrangement will
be carried out under the general terms and conditions
established by the Agreement between the Taipei Economic and
Cultural Representative Office in the United States and the
American Institute in Taiwan for Technical Cooperation in
Meteorology and Forecast Systems Development (TECRO-AIT
Agreement), and any subsequent revision as agreed to by the
parties. This Implementing Arrangement is the twenty-third such
arrangement under a succession of umbrella agreements between
TECRO and AIT.
This Implementing Arrangement is hereby attached to that
Agreement and becomes part of the Agreement.

Article III - Services
During the period of Implementing Arrangement #23, TECRO ’ s
and AIT ’ s designated representatives respectively, the CWB
and NOAA/ESRL/GSD joint team, will expand our work to address
the hazardous weather theme. Eight tasks are identified: (1)
Development and improvement of satellite products for tropical
storm monitoring and prediction; (2) Real-time Analysis and
Forecasting with the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS);
(3) Improvement and verification of short-range forecasting
using the Space-Time Mesoscale Analysis System (STMAS) with
remote sensing data; (4) High-Resolution Quantitative
Precipitation Estimation and Quantitative Precipitation Forecast
(HRQ2) Applications Improvement; (5) Enhanced Nowcasting
Decision Assistance Tools; (6) Development of High-Resolution
Product Generation Assistance Tools; (7) Global Positioning
System (GPS) Radio Occultation Satellite Data Assimilation Using
the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and
Joint Centers for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) Gridpoint
Statistical Interpolation (GSI) Analysis System; and (8)
Continuing Interaction on Earlier Cooperative Projects. Tasks
under this Implementing Arrangement range from full scale
developmental collaboration to system upgrades and support that
allow systems to operate with the latest technical and
scientific capabilities and specifications. These ongoing
activities, described in more detail in the Statement of Work,
will include the following eight tasks:

Task #1 Development and Improvement of Satellite Products for
Tropical Storm Monitoring and Prediction
During Implementing Arrangement #23, AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, agrees that NOAA/NESDIS
(National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
Service)/STAR (Center for Satellite Applications and
Research) will lead this task. NOAA/NESDIS/STAR will
focus on the development of quantitative precipitation
estimates from the geostationary satellite (MTSAT). Task
#1 will provide NOAA operational blended Total
Precipitable Water (TPW), as well as TPW anomaly,
digital products and DMSP (Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program) Special Sensor Microwave
Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) environmental data records (EDR)
retrieval algorithms for TECRO ’ s designated
representative, CWB, for its weather prediction
applications. NOAA/NESDIS/STAR scientists will
collaborate closely with TECRO ’ s designated
representative, CWB, for a seamless transition of all
science and software into its operational systems.

During Implementing Arrangement #23, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR
will provide the initial capability of Quantitative
Precipitation Estimation (QPE) from MTSAT. Using both
polar orbiting satellites and geostationary satellites,
an improved retrieval algorithm SCaMPE (Self-Calibrating
Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval) has been developed
at NOAA/NESDIS/STAR for future GOES-R program
improvement. Because the current algorithm is
exclusively developed for GOES satellites that
unfortunately do not cover the Taiwan area, additional
development has to be conducted to use geostationary
satellite data over this area, which is covered by the
Japanese MTSAT at present. NOAA/NESDIS/STAR will deliver
the SCaMPE algorithm to TECRO ’ s designated
representative, CWB, however it is CWB ’ s
responsibility to make the algorithm work in operations
using local MTSAT data to provide precipitation
estimation over the Taiwan area. This subtask will
include (1) providing documentation of the SCaMPE
package, (2) delivering the SCaMPE package and operation
manual, (3) supporting the installation of the SCaMPE
package, and (4) supporting the migration of SCaMPE for
MTSAT.

During Implementing Arrangement #23, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR
will also provide the global Total Precipitable Water
(TPW) and anomaly digital products. Integrated water
vapor content or TPW is an important fact for
hydrological analysis. TPW products are currently
available from various satellites. However, these
products carry different biases and sampling errors due
to the difference in algorithms, instruments, and
temporal and spatial sampling resolutions. An
operational product through blending AMSU, SSM/I and GPS
TPW has been developed to generate a unified,
meteorologically significant TPW field with a no-gap
global coverage in NOAA. NOAA/NESDIS/STAR will deliver
real-time blended TPW and anomaly digital products to
TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB for
forecasters ’ analysis.

During Implementing Arrangement #22, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR
delivered sounding products from the SSMIS (Special
Sensor Microwave Imager and Sounder). During
Implementing Arrangement #23, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR will
deliver DMSP SSMIS environmental data records (EDR)
retrieval algorithms to provide hydrological related
analysis.

Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MiRS) is a
multiple instrument one-dimensional (1D Var)
environmental data retrieval package which is focusing
on the all-weather all-surface retrieval of temperature
and water vapor profiles, as well as surface
meteorological parameters, such as rain rate, surface
temperature, and so on. This package has been delivered
to TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB, for
pre-operational testing during Implementing Arrangement
#22. As a developing package, some major and minor
updates have been implemented after delivery. During
Implementing Arrangement #23, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR will
provide an update and further improvement of MiRS.

Cloud optical depth and cloud top height can be
estimated by combining dual geostationary satellites.
However, due to the viewing angle difference, error
could be introduced in the detection of clouds. To
eliminate such error, viewing angle correction has to be
implemented. NOAA/NESDIS/STAR will work with TECRO ’ s
designated representative, CWB, to develop geostationary
satellite viewing angle error correction algorithms to
improve the accuracy of cloud detection. During
Implementing Arrangement #23, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR will
continue providing current delivered satellite data
during the collaborative period. In addition, new
satellite data, such as SSMIS F18 TDR and NOAA
operational global data assimilation system products
will also be provided for TECRO ’ s designated
representative, CWB, for its satellite product
development.

Task #2 Real-time Analysis and Forecasting with ARPS
The principal goal of Task #2 is to configure,
demonstrate, and deploy a real-time forecasting system
at convection-allowing resolution (2.5 km grid spacing)
for the TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB, to
obtain accurate 0-3h heavy precipitation forecasts. The
forecast system uses ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction
System) developed at the Center for Analysis and
Prediction of Storms (CAPS) at the University of
Oklahoma. ARPS is a comprehensive regional- to
storm-scale atmospheric modeling system. It is a
complete system that includes a real-time data analysis
and assimilation system, a forward prediction model, and
a post-analysis package. The assimilation of radar and
other high-resolution observations for convective-scale
forecasting is a noted strength of the ARPS system. The
3DVAR-cloud analysis package of ARPS is computationally
efficient for producing convective-scale initial
conditions, including radar data, while ARPS ’ s
Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation system
promises to provide optimal initial conditions for both
deterministic and ensemble predictions when
computational resources become available.

During Implementing Arrangement #23, AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, agrees that CAPS at the
University of Oklahoma will lead this task. For the IA
#23, CAPS will focus on three main task areas: 1) to
refine and improve, through the predictions of Morakot
and Meiyu cases, the current CWB ARPS forecast system by
including additional observations, including those used
by CWB WRF; 2) to refine the cloud analysis package for
the case studies and make adjustments for the tropical
environment and cycled data assimilation, including
defining the best strategy for cycled analysis
(continuous versus periodic restart from WRF analysis);
and 3) to implement a real-time forecast system on the
CWB computing system by linking the system with CWB
real-time WRF and radar data, and perform limited
quasi-real-time testing on CWB computer together with
CWB scientists. CAPS will also examine and improve
definitions of land surface characteristics and soil
model initial conditions, when possible, and perform
objective evaluation of the forecast system for the
cases and real-time tests.

TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB, will provide
support to set up CWB ’ s HPC systems and link the
system with CWB real-time WRF and radar data for running
the real-time ARPS Forecast System at CWB. CAPS will
provide technical support for CWB scientists to perform
case studies for heavy precipitation cases and the
real-time test runs. This task will benefit TECRO ’ s
designated representative, CWB, by improving its
very-short-range forecasting capabilities, in particular
those related to 0-3h heavy precipitation.

Task #3 – Improvement and Verification of Short-range
Forecasting Using STMAS with Remote Sensing Data
STMAS (Space and Time Multi-scale Analysis System) is a
new and advanced data assimilation technique with a
superior analysis advantage. STMAS combines the
advantages of objective analysis and modern variational
analysis into a unified data assimilation system, and
removes the limitations of these data assimilation
schemes. During the past few years, TECRO ’ s
designated representative, CWB, has demonstrated the
benefit from using STMAS for its operational
applications, especially for surface analysis and
verification against observation data. During
Implementing Arrangement #23, AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, will further improve
STMAS 3D analysis for CWB short-range forecasts. For IA
#23, there are four main task areas: 1) STMAS hot-start;
2) STMAS-WRF cycling experiment; 3) Downscaling; and 4)
Satellite data assimilation.

Under the STMAS hot-start task, AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, will implement a fully
thermodynamic balanced analysis capability with
microphysics for hot-starting WRF model forecasts
instead of the cold-start currently being used in WRF
forecasts. A cold-started WRF forecast takes 3-6 hours
to spin up a balanced microphysics fields, thus
resulting in short-range forecasts being unbalanced.
STMAS hot-start will introduce a thermodynamic balanced
initial condition for WRF forecasts for improving
short-range forecasts.

Under the STMAS-WRF cycling experiment task, AIT ’ s
designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, will implement
a cycling scheme to improve the problem of the lack of
observations over the ocean and improve the STMAS
background field. A cycling scheme provides a background
field for STMAS with its fine resolution WRF forecast.
The fine resolution WRF forecast would contain the fine
resolution structure of typhoons. It runs a fine
resolution of STMAS analysis to initialize a fine
resolution WRF forecast, which will be used as a
background field at the next data assimilation time.
This cycle will be repeated so that the fine resolution
background field of STMAS contains finer scale
information. The cycling scheme will be tested and
evaluated for TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB,
for improving short-range forecasts.

Under the Downscaling task, AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, will implement a
downscaling technique that downscales a coarse model
forecast into fine scale analysis. Over Taiwan, the
complex terrain structure makes coarse resolution
forecasts impossible for providing detailed wind and
precipitation forecasts. When a typhoon approaches
Taiwan, a downscaling uses a coarse resolution forecast
and downscales the forecast to a fine resolution in
hopes of delivering fine scale wind and precipitation
structures so that detailed warning information will be
significantly improved. The downscaling software will be
delivered to TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB,
for wind structure analysis.

Under the Satellite data assimilation task, AIT ’ s
designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, will implement
the Community Radiation Transfer Model (CRTM) as a
forward operator in STMAS satellite data assimilation.
To assimilate satellite data in a variational scheme,
the gradient of CRTM is needed, and is called the
K-matrix in CRTM. The K-matrix has been carefully tested
with the support from the NESDIS. During IA #23, GSD
will perform experiments of assimilating satellite data
into STMAS analysis and deliver a STMAS with AMSU-A
satellite data assimilation capability.

For the four STMAS 3D system implementing tasks, AIT ’
s designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, will start
the development of a hot-start capability using the
STMAS 3D radar reflectivity analysis operator. TECRO ’
s designated representative, CWB, will help test the
cycling scheme at CWB, and AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, will provide technical
support for the testing. GSD will develop and evaluate
the downscaling software at GSD and STMAS satellite data
assimilation for the AMSU-A data. These software modules
will be delivered to CWB for improving short-range
forecasts. TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB,
and AIT ’ s designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD,
will collaborate on the verification and model
initialization of the STMAS 3D system. These tasks will
benefit TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB, in
improving and verifying short range forecasting
operations.

Task #4 – High-Resolution Quantitative Precipitation Estimation
and Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (HRQ2)
Applications Improvement
During Implementing Arrangement #23, AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, agrees that NOAA/NSSL
(National Severe Storms Laboratory) will continue
research towards refinement, development, and
maintenance of HRQ2 applications required for TECRO ’ s
designated representatives, CWB, the Water Resources
Agency (WRA), and the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau
(SWCB) operations. The NSSL research is directed towards
the integration of the dual-pol (dual-polarization)
radar applications in the HRQ2 system.

This task will include real-time calibration correction
for C-band dual-pol radars in Taiwan. A new calibration
scheme using cloud microphysics observed in Taiwan will
be developed and evaluated. This task will monitor the
real-time HRQ2 system and improve quality control
processes for the dual-pol fuzzy-logic hydrometeor
classification. This task will continue to evaluate and
refine the dual-pol QPE algorithms and to provide
technical support for TECRO ’ s designated
representative, CWB, for its QPESUMS operations.

NOAA/NSSL will make available to the TECRO ’ s
designated representative, CWB, as requested, software
source code for the calibration correction algorithms
for the C-band dual-pol radar, the dual-pol fuzzy-logic
hydrometer classification module and the dual-pol QPE
algorithm module.

Task #5 – Enhanced Nowcasting Decision Assistance Tools
The Meteorological Development Laboratory (MDL) of the
National Weather Services (NWS) of NOAA has developed a
comprehensive suite of decision assistance tools in
AWIPS to cover the full scope of hydro-meteorological
phenomena and forecaster responsibilities. These tools
are SCAN (System for Convection Analysis and
Nowcasting), SCAN DMD (SCAN Digital Mesocyclone
Detection), FFMP (Flash Flood Monitoring and
Prediction), SAFESEAS (System on AWIPS for Forecasting
and Evaluation of Seas and Lakes), SNOW (System for
Nowcasting of Winter Weather), Fog Monitor, GUARDIAN
(General User Alert Display Panel), and the GUI
interface to ANC (AutoNowCaster). In the past few years,
NOAA/NWS/MDL assisted and supported porting some of
those decision assistance tools into the Weather
Integration and Nowcasting System (WINS) for TECRO ’ s
designated representative, CWB, including SCAN, SCAN
DMD, and SAFESEAS.

During Implementing Arrangement #23, AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, agrees that NOAA/NWS/MDL
will continue to provide technical support and training
to the TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB, to
enhance CWB ’ s current WINS system, in the area of
nowcasting decision assistance tools that have been
already implemented. Those supports include source code
modification and configuration appropriate for CWB use.
In addition, NOAA/NWS/MDL will provide customization
support and training on a few more decision assistance
tools for CWB, including the ANC-AWIPS bridge software,
GUARDIAN, and FFMP. The ANC-AWIPS bridge implementation
on the WINS system has been initiated and will continue
upon the update of CWB ’ s ANC system setup. The
GUARDIAN was developed to be a general communicator
between the software and the user that could be
personally configured in ways to reduce notification
distractions and maximize situational awareness. The
FFMP is an integrated suite of multi-sensor applications
which detects, analyzes, and monitors precipitation and
generates short-term warning guidance for flash flooding
automatically within NWS ’ s AWIPS system. It conducts
precipitation analyses in a “ basin world ”, which
means all QPE and QPF calculations over a certain time
period are done over the areas of small basins with the
minimum basin area of about 2 square miles.

Task #6 – Development of High-Resolution Product Generation
Assistance Tools During Implementing Arrangement #23,
AIT ’ s designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, will
continue providing technical support on GFE, Text
Formatter (TF), and GHG (Graphical Hazards Generator) to
support CWB ’ s development of formatter infrastructure
of FIES (Forecast Information Editing System). CWB plans
to implement its own rule-based Chinese text formatter
to provide a heavy rainfall report. GSD will also
provide the necessary training to CWB visitor(s) to
implement such a Chinese text formatter system as part
of CWB ’ s FIES.

GFE/verification system software training (BOIVerify)
was coordinated by the AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, to TECRO ’ s designated
representative, CWB, during Implementing Arrangement #21
and #22. GSD will continue to coordinate necessary
forecaster training of using BOIVerify during hazardous
weather situations during Implementing Arrangement #23
if needed. The benefit of this task is for the TECRO ’
s designated representative, CWB, to establish its text
formatter infrastructure and assistance tools to support
the high resolution forecast product generation.

Task # 7 – Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation
Satellite Data Assimilation Using the NCEP/JCSDA
Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) Analysis
System
As part of the COSMIC (Constellation Observing System
for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) mission, TECRO
’ s designated representative, CWB, will support the
inclusion or improvement of GPS Radio Occultation (RO)
observations from the COSMIC mission into the NCEP ’ s
regional and global system with the Gridpoint
Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation under
the joint collaboration project between NOAA/NASA/DoD,
JCSDA, and CWB. NCEP is the National Centers for
Environmental Prediction under NOAA ’ s NWS. JCSDA
(Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation) is a
multi-agency research center tasked with improving the
use of satellite data for analyzing and predicting
weather, the ocean, climate, and the environment. JCSDA
partner agencies are NASA (National Aeronautics and
Space Administration), NOAA, and DoD (Department of
Defense).

The main objectives of this collaborative project are to
tune and test the assimilation of GPS RO data in the
NCEP regional and global system, and to accelerate and
enhance the use of GPS RO data in global numerical
weather prediction at CWB. Currently, TECRO ’ s
designated representative, CWB, is performing global
numerical weather prediction using its own global model
and the GSI data assimilation system, which was
implemented in July 2010. Through this collaboration,
CWB would further enhance its global data assimilation
system and make optimal use of satellite data, including
COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3. This task will cover the use of GSI
for both global and regional capabilities. In exchange,
CWB will contribute to the tuning and testing of the GPS
RO assimilation in the NCEP regional and global system.

Task #8 - Continuing Interaction on Earlier Cooperative Projects
Several earlier cooperative tasks have been completed.
Technology has been transferred successfully and is
beginning to be used operationally at the facilities of
TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB. NOAA/ESRL/GSD
’ s development activities in these areas will
continue, and further NOAA/ESRL/GSD interaction with CWB
is important to keep CWB staff up to date on current
developments. This task will directly improve and update
CWB ’ s current forecast assistant and decision making
system at an appropriate level, including new AWIPS and
relevant forecast assistant application software
releases and available documents. AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/OAR/GSD, released the latest AWIPS
OB 9.2.6 and

necessary test datasets to TECRO ’ s designated
representative, CWB, near the end of 2010. This version
is the one currently being used by NOAA/NWS. This
version is ready to accept dual-pol radar products and
has the capability to integrate radar data with
environment sampling of temperature, relative humidity,
wind, equivalent potential temperature, wet-bulb
temperature, and pressure at the height of the radar
beam. CWB will access data from two new dual-pol radars
soon, so this new radar product display capability will
be extremely useful for its forecast and decision making
operation. NOAA/ESRL/GSD will continue to make available
any latest AWIPS-build software, and technical support
of AWIPS applications such as warning tools (WarnGen,
GHG), if applicable, during Implementing Arrangement
#23.

Under a NOAA/NWS contract with the Raytheon Technical
Services Company (since 2005), the next generation of
AWIPS (called AWIPS II) is being developed. AWIPS II is
based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). AIT ’
s designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, is tasked
with performing an Independent Validation and
Verification (IV &V) for each task order released by
Raytheon. NOAA/ESRL/GSD will provide training and share
experience with AWIPS II in the area of SOA, EDEX
(Environmental Data Exchange) handles data ingest,
storage and communication, and CAVE (Common AWIPS
Visualization Environment), is the graphical user
interface to CWB visitors during Implementing
Arrangement #23.

AIT ’ s designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, has a
long history of supporting research and operational
weather forecasting by developing advanced prototype
workstation display systems, including an ongoing ALPS
(AWIPS Linux Prototype System) development, which is an
update of AWIPS. NOAA/ESRL/GSD will provide necessary
support in the area of porting ALPS during Implementing
Arrangement #23.

For the data feed support, AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, will continue to provide
the NOAAPORT data feed for CWB ’ s data assimilation
purposes during Implementing Arrangement #23.

This continuing interaction task will benefit TECRO ’ s
designated representative, CWB, with the updated
knowledge of the forecast assistant and decision making
systems developed at NOAA. This task also provides the
important data feed of NOAAPORT for CWB ’ s daily
numerical weather prediction operation needs. Finally,
AIT ’ s designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, will
provide necessary training and support to visitors and
forecasters, continue the exchange of visits, provide
necessary papers and reports, and continue our e-mail
interactions, if applicable.

Article IV - Responsibilities of TECRO
In addition to participation in the joint project team, TECRO
through its designated representative, CWB, shall:
A. Provide overall coordination project activities at the CWB
facility;
B. Assign appropriate staff to perform the activities defined in
this Implementing Arrangement and provide support in
accordance with the terms of the umbrella agreement; and
C. Fulfill its responsibilities under the Statement of Work for
Implementing Arrangement #23.

Article V - Responsibilities of AIT
In addition to participation in the joint project team, AIT,
through its designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, shall:
A. Provide overall coordination project activities at the
NOAA/ESRL/GSD facility in Boulder, Colorado;
B. Provide administrative support for preparing reports for
delivery to TECRO ’ s designated representative, CWB, in
accordance with this Implementing Arrangement;
C. Assign appropriate staff to perform the activities defined in
this Implementing Arrangement and provide support in
accordance with the terms of the umbrella agreement; and
D. Fulfill its responsibilities under the Statement of Work for
Implementing Arrangement #23.

Article VI - Financial Provisions
In accordance with the TECRO-AIT Agreement, TECRO is required to
reimburse AIT for all costs incurred by AIT ’ s designated
representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, in association with the project
covered by this Implementing Arrangement. AIT shall transfer to
NOAA/ESRL/GSD all payments made by TECRO to AIT for costs
incurred by NOAA/ESRL/GSD in association with this Implementing
Arrangement.
The total cost for activities described in this Implementing
Arrangement is mutually agreed to be U.S. $1,500,000. TECRO
agrees to transfer fifty percent of the funds to AIT in advance,
with the remaining fifty percent to be transferred upon
completion of the year ’ s activities, to the extent that funds
for this purpose have been provided by TECRO. The performance by
AIT ’ s designated representative, NOAA/ESRL/GSD, of activities
under this Implementing Arrangement is subject to the
availability of funds.

Article VII - Intellectual Property Considerations
No intellectual property considerations are expected to arise in
conjunction with activities described in this Implementing
Arrangement. Existing system designs and computer software of
the forecast system of AIT ’ s designated representative ’ s,
NOAA/ESRL/GSD, are in the public domain. Reports,
specifications, and computer software prepared under this
Implementing Arrangement also will be in the public domain once
NOAA and CWB have approved them in final form.

Article VIII - Effective Date, Amendment, and Termination
This Implementing Arrangement is effective on the date of the
last signature hereto. This Implementing Arrangement may be
amended and/or terminated in accordance with the terms of the
Agreement. The estimated completion date for the activities
described in this Implementing Arrangement is December 31, 2011,
and the termination date of this Implementing Arrangement is
June 30, 2012.

FOR THE TAIPEI ECONOMIC AND FOR THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE IN
CULTURAL REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE TAIWAN:
IN THE UNITED STATES:
Leo Lee Barbara J. Schrage
Deputy Representative Managing Director
July 27, 2011 May 4, 2011