An act in breach of duty under administrative law is not punishable unless committed intentionally or negligently.
In the case of an act in breach of duty under administrative law committed by a juristic person, unincorporated body having a representative or manager, central or local government agency or any other form of organization, the intention or negligence of its representative or manager, or any other person with the authority to represent it, or any of its staff members, employees or workers who commits the act, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be an intention or negligence of such organization.

No person may be excused from responsibility for administrative penalty by reason of his ignorance of the law; but the penalty may be reduced or remitted as the situation may justify.

An act committed by a person who has not reached the age of fourteen years is not punishable.
Penalty may be reduced for an act committed by a person who is fourteen years of age or older but has not reached the age of eighteen years.
An act committed by a person who was suffering mental disorder or intellectual defects at the time of commission of the act, making him incapable of discerning that the act was unlawful or behaving according to his perception, is not punishable.
Penalty may be reduced for an act committed by a person with obviously decreased capability of discerning that his act was unlawful or of behaving according to his perception for any of the reasons specified in the preceding paragraph.
The two preceding paragraphs shall not apply if the act was brought about due to the intention or negligence of the actor himself.

A person who has the legal duty to prevent the occurrence of a fact in breach of duty under administrative law and is able to prevent such occurrence but fails to do so shall be dealt with in the same manner as one who has caused the occurrence of such fact by his positive act.
Where there is danger that the act of a person will result in the occurrence of a fact in breach of duty under administrative law, such person has the legal duty to prevent the occurrence of such fact.

An act performed in accordance with law or order is not punishable.
An act performed pursuant to an order of a superior officer in discharge of official duties is not punishable, unless the actor knew that the order was illegal and he failed to present his view to the superior officer in pursuance of the statutory procedure.

An act performed by a person in defense of his own rights or the rights of another against present unlawful infringement thereof is not punishable; provided that the penalty may be reduced or remitted even though such act of defense was excessive.