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Chapter Law Content

Title: Civil Code CH
Category: Ministry of Justice(法務部)
Part Ⅱ Obligations
Chapter I General Provisions
Section 2 - Object Of Obligations
Article 199
By virtue of an obligation, the creditor is entitled to claim a prestation from the debtor.
A prestation may consist in something which cannot be valued in money.
A prestation may consist in forbearance.
Article 200
When the object of the prestation is determined only in kind, if its quality cannot be determined by the nature of the juridical act or the intent of the parties, the debtor must deliver a thing of medium quality.
In the case of the preceding paragraph, if the debtor has done whatever is necessary for the delivery of such a thing, or if, with the consent of the creditor, he has designated a thing to be delivered, such thing is designated as the object of the prestation.
Article 201
When the object of the obligation is a prestation of a particular kind of currency in vogue and when at the time of prestation this currency is no longer in vogue, the debtor shall make prestation in another currency in vogue.
Article 202
When the object of the prestation is expressed in a foreign currency in vogue, the debtor may make prestation in currency of the Republic of China at the market rate of the place and time of prestation, except it has been agreed upon by the parties that prestation shall be made in the foreign currency in vogue.
Article 203
In the case of a debt bearing interest, if no rate has been fixed by the contract or by the act, the rate shall be five percent (5%) per annum.
Article 204
If the agreed rate of interest is over twelve percent (12%) per annum, the debtor may at any time after one year has elapsed discharge the capital, but he shall notify the creditor one month before.
The right of discharge specified in the preceding paragraph shall not be excluded or limited by the contract.
Article 205
If the agreed rate of interest exceeds sixteen percent (16%) per annum, the exceeded part of the agreement is invalid.
Article 206
The creditor shall not cunningly obtain interests by discounting or by any other way, except the interest specified in the preceding article.
Article 207
Interest shall not be added to capital and again bear interest; unless otherwise agreed by the parties in writing that the creditor may add interest to the capital after interest has been in arrears for more than one year and has not been paid notwithstanding the demand of the creditor.
The provision of the preceding paragraph does not apply in case there is a different trade custom.
Article 208
When the prestation is to be selected from among several prestations, the right of choice belongs to the debtor, unless otherwise provided by the act or by the contract.
Article 209
Either the creditor or the debtor who has the right of choice shall exercise it by an expression of intent to the other party.
If a third party has the right of choice, he shall exercise it by an expression of intent to both the creditor and the debtor.
Article 210
If there is a fixed period for exercising the right of choice and it is not exercised within such period, the right of choice will be transferred to the other party.
If there is no fixed period for exercising the right of choice, the party who has no such right may, when the obligation becomes due, fix a reasonable time and notify the other party to exercise his right of choice within such time. If the other party does not exercise his right of choice within the fixed period, the right of choice will be transferred to the party who notified.
If the choice is to be made by a third party and such person is unable or unwilling to exercise it, the right of choice will be transferred to the debtor.
Article 211
If one of the several prestations is impossible from the beginning or becomes impossible subsequently, the obligation exists only in the prestations which remain possible, except the party who has no right of choice shall be responsible for the impossibility.
Article 212
The effect of the choice is retroactive back to the time when the obligation occurred.
Article 213
Unless otherwise provided by the act or by the contract, a person who is bound to make compensation for an injury shall restore the injured party to the status quo before the injury.
If the restoration of the status quo ante shall be paid in money, interest shall be added from the time of the injury.
Under the circumstances of the first paragraph, the creditor may claim the necessary expenses for restoration instead of the restoration.
Article 214
If the person who is bound for the restoration of the status quo ante does not perform his obligation within a reasonable period fixed by the creditor, the latter may claim compensation in money for the injury sustained.
Article 215
If it is impossible or obviously and greatly difficult for the restoration of the status quo ante, the injury sustained shall be compensated in money.
Article 216
Unless otherwise provided by the act or by the contract, the compensation shall be limited to the injury actually suffered and the interests which have been lost.
Interests which could have been normally expected are deemed to be the interests which have been lost, according to the ordinary course of things, the decided projects, equipment, or other particular circumstances.
Article 216-1
If there are injury suffered and interests acquired derived from the same reason, the interests acquired shall be deducted from the amount of the compensation claimed.
Article 217
If the injured person has negligently contributed in causing or aggravating the injury, the court may reduce or release the amount of the compensation.
If the reason of a grave injury was unknown to the debtor and the injured person has omitted to call the attention of the debtor beforehand, or to avert, or mitigate the injury, the injured person will be deemed to be negligently contributed in the injury.
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to the situation when the agent of the injured person or the person performing the obligation for the injured person has negligently contributed to the injury.
Article 218
When the injury was not caused intentionally or grossly negligently, and if the compensation would gravely affect the livelihood of the person responsible for it, the court may reduce the amount of the compensation.
Article 218-1
If a person who is bound to make compensation for the loss or damage of a thing or a right, he may claim from another, who is entitled to claim for the injury, for the transfer of the claims which the latter has against the third party by virtue of his ownership of the said thing, or by virtue of the said right.
The provisions of Article 264 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the situation of the preceding paragraph.